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Bowling
This article is about bowling in general. For specific types of bowling, see Ten-pin bowling, Duckpin bowling, Candlepin bowling, Nine-pin bowling, and Five-pin bowling. For other uses, see Bowling (disambiguation).
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A ten-pin bowler releases his bowling ball
Playing bowls at Tiverton West End Bowling Club, United Kingdom
Bowling is a target sport and recreational activity in which a player rolls a ball toward pins (in pin bowling) or another target (in target bowling). The term bowling usually refers to ten-pin bowling, though in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries bowling could also refer to lawn bowls.
In pin bowling, the goal is to knock over pins on a long playing surface known as a lane. A strike is achieved when all the pins are knocked down on the first roll, and a spare is achieved if all the pins are knocked over on a second roll.
Lanes have a wood or synthetic surface onto which protective lubricating oil is applied in different specified oil patterns that vary ball path trajectories and characteristics. Common types of pin bowling include ten-pin, candlepin, duckpin, nine-pin, five-pin and kegel. The historical game skittles is the forerunner of modern pin bowling.
In target bowling, the aim is usually to get the ball as close to a mark as possible. The surface in target bowling may be grass, gravel, or synthetic.[1] Lawn bowls, bocce, carpet bowls, pétanque, and boules may have both indoor and outdoor varieties.
Bowling is played by 100 million people in more than 90 countries (including 70 million in the United States alone),[2] and is the subject of video games.
Contents
1 Variations
1.1 Pin bowling
1.2 Target bowling
2 History
2.1 Ancient history
2.2 Post-classical history
2.3 Modern history
2.3.1 In the 16th to 18th centuries
2.3.2 In the 19th century
2.3.3 In the 20th century
2.3.4 In the 21st century
3 Equipment
3.1 Ball
3.2 Pins
3.3 Shoes
4 Accessibility
5 In popular culture
5.1 With notable individuals
5.1.1 U.S. Presidents
5.2 Paintings
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Variations
Bowling games can be distinguished into two general classes, pin bowling and target bowling.
Pin bowling
Relative sizes of bowling balls and pins for three popular variations of the game.
Scale: the horizontal blue lines are one inch (2.5 cm) apart vertically.
Candlepin balls are the smallest of the three, but candlepins are tallest and thinnest
Duckpins are the shortest, and duckpin balls are barely larger than candlepin balls
Ten-pin balls and pins are the heaviest.
Five main variations are found in North America, with ten-pin being the most common but others being practiced in the eastern U.S. and in parts of Canada:[3]
Ten-pin bowling: largest and heaviest pins, and bowled with a large ball with three finger holes.
Nine-pin bowling: pins usually attached to strings at the tops, uses a ball without finger holes.
Candlepin bowling: tallest pins (at 40 cm or 16 in), thin with matching ends, bowled with the smallest and lightest (at 1.1 kg or 2.4 lb) handheld ball of any bowling sport, and the only form with no fallen pins removed during a frame.
Duckpin bowling: short, squat, and bowled with a handheld ball.
Five-pin bowling: tall, between duckpins and candlepins in diameter with a rubber girdle, bowled with a handheld ball, mostly found in Canada.
Target bowling
Another form of bowling is usually played outdoors on a lawn. At outdoor bowling, the players throw a ball, which is sometimes eccentrically weighted, in an attempt to put it closest to a designated point or slot in the bowling arena. (Ex: Bocce Ball, and Italian lawn game)
History
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Ancient history
Archeologist's drawing of items found in 1895 in an ancient tomb in Naqada, Egypt, thought to resemble the more modern game of skittles. The archeologist conjectured as to the particular arrangement of the items found.[4]
The earliest known forms of bowling date back to ancient Egypt,[5] with wall drawings depicting bowling being found in a royal Egyptian tomb dated to 5200 BC.[6] and miniature pins and balls in an Egyptian child's grave about 5200 BC.[7] Remnants of bowling balls were found among artifacts in ancient Egypt going back to the Egyptian protodynastic period in 3200
About Bowling
